Sources Cited by Abbreviation
LW: Luther’s Works (“American Edition”). Edited by Jaroslav Pelikan and Helmut T. Lehmann. 55 vols. St. Louis: Concordia; Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1955-86.
NASB: New American Standard Bible. 1960-1995. La Habra, CA: The Lockman Foundation.
PE: Works of Martin Luther (“Philadelphia Edition”). 6 vols. Philadelphia: Muhlenberg, 1915-43. Reprinted 1982 by Baker Book House Company.
VCW: Laestadius, Lars Levi. The Voice of One Crying in the Wilderness, periodical published 1852-1854, book compilation and translation by OALC, 1988.
VOZ: The Voice of Zion. Monthly newspaper of the LLC.
WA: D. Martin Luthers Werke. Kritische Gesamtausgabe (“Weimarer Ausgabe”). Weimar, 1883-. Author translation after PE unless indicated otherwise.
Images
Cover: Used with permission of Carol Selby Price.
Ecuadorian youth: Scanned from a portion of the front page of the March 2011 Voice of Zion for purposes of review.
Human races: Downloaded under a Creative Commons license from the Flickr page of “perpetualplum,” flickr.com/photos/perpetualplum/3864724077.
Chimp family: Downloaded under a Creative Commons license from the Flickr page of “Shiny Things,” http://www.flickr.com/photos/33389938@N00/2609711377
Laestadianism timeline: Reprinted with permission from Foltz and Yliniemi 2005.
“Tom’s Doubts” history lesson: Reprinted with permission from “Pastor Saji” of “St. Thomas the Doubter Church, PCA,” thomasthedoubter.com.
Mustard seed and poppy seed jars: Author photo taken 2011.
Fish symbol: Wikipedia, public domain.
Sources for Conservative Laestadian Statements
Alajoki, Elmer. Collected writings and sermons in: Jim Frantti, ed. 1995. God is Love. Plymouth, MN: AALC.
Alaranta, Juhani. Presentation given at December 2006 preacher’s meeting in Oulu, Finland. Author translation from copy posted at p2.foorumi.info/keskusteluavanhoillislestadiolaisuudesta.
By Faith. 1982. Plymouth, MN: AALC. Originally published as: Uskon Kautta. Oulu, Finland: SRK, 1980.
Greetings of Peace. Monthly newspaper of North American Conservative Laestadianism until 1973.
Havas, Väinö. Collected sermons from 1933-1940. Published in He Entrusted Us with the Word of Reconciliation. Elmer H. Alajoki and Felix E. Ruomavaara, trans. Minneapolis: Finnish Apostolic Lutheran Congregation of Minneapolis, Minnesota, 1964.
Hepokoski, Warren. 2000. Lars Levi Laestadius and the Revival in Lapland. http://users.erols.com/ewheaton/lars/lars.pdf (accessed October 2011).
———. 2002. The Laestadian Movement: Background Writings and Testimonies. http://users.erols.com/ewheaton/background/background.pdf (accessed October 2011).
———. 2002. The Laestadian Movement: Disputes and Divisions 1861-2000. http://users.erols.com/ewheaton/disputes/disputes.pdf (accessed October 2011).
Hintikka, Matti. 2012. New Year’s Eve. Päivämies. Oulu, Finland: SRK, January.
Junes, Leena. 2008. God’s Creation Work was Pondered in Vantaa. Päivämies. Oulu, Finland: SRK, October. Translated by Emerson Beishline.
Jussila, Heikki. 1948. Kutsujan Armo. Oulu, Finland: Kirjapaino-OY Kannan Kirjapainossa. English edition: The Grace of the Caller. Peter Nevala and John Waaraniemi, trans. Plymouth, MN: AALC, 1989.
Kiviranta, Jorma. 2008. Alussa Jumala loi taivaan ja maan. Siionin Lähetyslehti. Oulu, Finland: SRK. No. 1, 12-13.
Korteniemi, Pauli. Historical sermon originally published in Greetings of Peace in 1963, transcribed from audio presentation in 1971.
Kulla, Carl A., ed. 1985. The Streams of Life. Brush Prairie, WA: Streams of Life Publishers.
———, ed. 1993. The Continuing Streams of Life. Brush Prairie, WA: Streams of Life Publishers.
———, ed. 2010. The New Awakened Laestadians. Brush Prairie, WA: Streams of Life Publishers.
Laestadian Lutheran Church. 2009. Christmas in Zion.
———. About Us. llchurch.org/about-us.cfm (accessed Oct. 2011).
———. How We Believe. llchurch.org/how-we-believe.cfm (accessed Dec. 2011).
———. Position Statement, 2006.
———. Website, www.llchurch.org (accessed 2011-2012).
———. Christ, the Ransom for Our Sins. laestadianlutheran.org/wounded.html (accessed November 2011).
———. The Bible, God’s Word–Christian Faith’s Highest Authority. laestadianlutheran.org/rightwrong/bible_gods_word.html (accessed November 2011).
———. Presentations given 1994-2009, available in PDF format at llchurch.org/timely-topics.cfm.
Laestadius, Lars Levi. Sermons, from www.laestadiustexter.se unless indicated otherwise.
———. The Fourth Postilla. Hancock, MI: Book Concern Printers (OALC), 1985.
Laitinen, Aatu. 1980. English edition: Memoirs of Early Christianity in Northern Lapland. Translated by Helmar Peterson. New York Mills: Apostolic Lutheran Church Federation, 1973.
Lampi, Walt. God’s Word is Unchanging and Eternal. LLC. llchurch.org/gods-word-unchanging-eternal.cfm (accessed Jan. 2012).
Lepistö, Einari. 1985. Lammasten askelissa. Oulu, Finland: SRK. English edition: In the Footsteps of the Sheep. Paul Sorvo, trans. Plymouth, MN: LLC, 2002.
Nissilä, Keijo. 2012. Usko ja elämä: Pappeudesta – yhteisestä pappeudesta erityisesti. Päivämies, No. 2. srk.fi/index.php?p=usko_ja_elama_22012 (accessed Jan. 2012). Quotes translated by Emerson Beishline.
Päivämies, Weekly newspaper of the SRK, from translations published in the Voice of Zion unless indicated otherwise.
Reinikainen, Erkki. 1969. Lisää meille uskoa. Translated as: Nevala, Paul. 1990. The Storms Will Cease. Plymouth, MN: AALC.
———. 1986. Näin on kirjoitettu (Thus it is Written), SRK, after an anonymous translation.
Saari, Heikki. 1968. The Measure Is Being Filled. Apostolic Lutheran Church.
SRK. History. srk.fi/index.php?p=history (accessed October 2011).
———. 2006 Summer Services Presentation.
———. 2011. SRK:n historiatyön jatko edellyttää keskustelua. Päivämies, Oct. 13, p. 13. Quotes edited from a translation provided by an anonymous correspondent.
Taskila, Lauri. 1961. Journey of Fiery Trials. Apostolic Lutheran Church.
Siionin Kevät, Monthly children’s newspaper of the SRK, from translations published in the Voice of Zion unless indicated otherwise.
Siionin Lähetyslehti, Devotional monthly newspaper of the SRK, from translations published in the Voice of Zion unless indicated otherwise.
Uljas, Juhani. 2000. The Treasure Hidden in a Field. Translated by LLC.
Waaraniemi, Ray. 2011. The Triune God. Presentation to LLC Ministers and Board Members Meeting, July 2. llchurch.org/topics/The%20Triune%20God.pdf (accessed Dec. 2011).
Quoted portions of sermons by Gust Wisuri (1950s), Paul Heideman (1950s), Art Forstie (1971), Peter Nordstrom (1972-1973), Peter Nevala (1981), Jim Frantti (2010), and George Koivukangas (2010) were transcribed by the author from audio recordings. The others were from transcriptions published with annual collections of the Voice of Zion unless indicated otherwise.
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———. 2010. Making Sense of Evolution: Darwin, God, and the Drama of Life. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press.
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———. 2011. Vanhoillislestadiolaiset pyytävät anteeksi hoitokokousten väärinkäytöksiä.
Kotimaa24, Oct. 10. kotimaa24.fi/uutiset/kotimaa/6305-vanhoillislestadiolaiset-pyytavat-anteeksi-hoitokokousten-vaarinkaytoksia. Translated by Mikko Alasaarela and reprinted by permission.
———. 2012. Tutkija lestadiolaisesta naispapista: Tämä on historiaa! Kotimaa24, Jan. 5. kotimaa24.fi/uutiset/kotimaa/7090-tutkija-lestadiolaisesta-naispapista-tama-on-historiaa.
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———. 2010. Personal communication.
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———. Translated as: John Lenker. 1909. Luther’s Epistle Sermons: Trinity Sunday to Advent.
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———. 2011. Personal communication.
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